Glossary

TermDefinition
Aboriginal cultural expression Integration of Aboriginal culture into the architectural, landscape and urban design fabric of transport infrastructure and associated public realm assets.
Aboriginal heritage Aboriginal lore, practices and knowledge, items and places of cultural value, and traces of culture both past and living that are connected to Aboriginal identity and Country.
Aboriginal sites and objects Landscapes on Country that hold special meaning or significance to Aboriginal people. These sites may include, but are not limited to plains, hills, rocky outcrops, sand dunes, water features and bodies, trees and other natural features. Other sites may include historic camp sites and burial sites.
Active transport Non-motorised transport (e.g. walking and cycling).
Air toxics Pollutants present in the air in low concentrations but are known or are suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects.
Airspace acquisition Acquiring the rights to control and develop the airspace above the physical land.
Alignment The arrangement, position, and layout of a road.
Alluvial fills and deposits Soils and silts normally related to dried up historical watercourses.
Ambient air Air in the atmosphere that we breathe.
Ambient air pollutants Potentially harmful pollutants emitted by common emission sources such as industries, households, and vehicles, which are often present in ambient air.
Amenity trees A tree that which due to its size and aesthetic qualities provides amenity value. Amenity trees are usually planted trees but may include self-sown plants if they have high amenity value.
Amenity value A measure of how highly the community values the contribution of the vegetation to the pleasantness and attractiveness of the local landscape. If a tree is at a location readily viewed by the public, then its amenity value must be considered.
Aquifer Any body of rock, often unconsolidated sands or gravels, which is sufficiently porous and permeable so as to allow water to flow through it. 
Aquitards Geological formations that lie adjacent to an aquifers and retard flow of groundwater between aquifers.
Arborist assessment A tree assessment made by a qualified specialist that identifies and details potential impacts to trees as a result of the project.
Architectural property treatments Targeted acoustic upgrades of external doors and windows, and for higher noise exposed facades, ceilings and ventilation.
Arterial road A major connector to and between highways, major centres, gateways and/or key towns. Their main function is to form the principal avenue for traffic movements.
Asphalt planings A by-product of the resurfacing of roads and highways. These are created when the surface layer of tarmac is removed by a cold milling machine. Asphalt is removed from the surface sub-base and then the material can be re-purposed.
Average recurrence interval (ARI) The average or expected value of the periods between exceedances of a given rainfall total accumulated over a given duration. It is implicit in this definition that the periods between exceedances are generally random.
B-double vehicle Heavy motor vehicle towing two semi-trailers.
Broader network upgrades Additional network and amenity upgrades along and around the project corridor to enable motorists to get to and from the corridor consisting of a value up to $850 million.
Built environment Man-made structures, features, and facilities viewed collectively as an environment in which people live and work.
Bus stop pairs 2 bus stops that have identical stop numbers that are located on either side of a road allowing both directions of travel (e.g. placed on the west and east side).
Business as usual Standard day-to-day business operations in an organisation.
Business impact assessment An assessment estimating the positive and negative impacts, and cost of disruption as a result of the project's construction and operation.
Character area Locations that display streetscape characteristics and development patterns that are of value to the local area.
Circular economy An economy that is restorative and regenerative by design and aims to keep products, components and materials in circulation through processes like reuse, repairing, recycling, remanufacture, refurbishment and redesign.
Clay A type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals.
Climate resilience The ability to anticipate, prepare for, and respond to hazardous events, trends, or disturbances related to climate.
Code amendment A proposal to change the zoning, rules or policies within the South Australia Planning and Design Code.
Community and Business Reference Groups Reference groups are used to provide an avenue for engagement between the Department and representatives of key stakeholder groups and individuals with a strong interest in the T2D Project.
Community cohesion The connections and relationships between individuals, groups and neighbourhoods, and is encouraged by the existence of local social infrastructure, a sense of local identity and opportunities for community participation.
Community Engagement and Media Management Plan (CEMMP) A CEMMP outlines the details regarding stakeholders engagement.
Community value Values relating to community cohesion, local amenity and character, and community health and safety – primarily informed by community and stakeholder engagement.
Concept Design A design completed in sufficient detail to show project options, where key design elements are identified and the project scope is refined.
Confined aquifers A confined aquifer is a type of aquifer sandwiched between two layers of aquitards. This confinement can lead to the water in the aquifer being under considerable pressure. The water level can rise above the top elevation of the aquifer in tightly cased wells.
Conflicting movement When two road users' (such as vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists) paths must cross through one another.
Construction fatigue Nuisance or disturbance to stakeholders due to ongoing construction work including noise and vibration.
Construction Noise and Vibration Management Plan (CNVMP) Describes and documents how construction activities will be undertaken to minimise the noise and vibration impacts during construction.
Construction Vibration Assessment (CVA) Assesses and considers the vibration levels produced during construction, determines the potential impact of construction-related vibration and identifies mitigation measures.
Contractor activity zone The area where activities associated with construction of a project are permitted to take place.
Contractor's Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) Describes and documents how construction activities will be managed to avoid or mitigate environmental impacts.
Council Technical Reference Group Reference groups are used to provide an avenue for engagement between the Department and representatives of key stakeholder groups and individuals with a strong interest in the T2D Project.
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) A multidisciplinary design approach of the natural and built environment to improve safety, and reduce and minimise crime.
Cross-connecting aquifers When a tunnel or well is drilled it creates a borehole. A borehole can cut through many geological layers, some of these layers are aquifers. Cross-connecting aquifers can occur when a borehole acts as a pathway for water to pass from one aquifer to another.
Cross-section A surface or shape exposed by making a straight cut through, especially at right angles to an axis.
Cut and cover tunnel A tunnel excavation method that involves excavating downwards from the surface and installing a tunnel structure including a base, walls and a roof. Once the roof is in place, the structure is either used for permanent surface roads or covered with soil and revegetated.
Design life The period of time during which the asset is expected to work within its specified parameters.
Detailed design The phase where the project design is refined, and drawings and specifications are created to inform construction of the works.
Determinants of health Factors that keep us well outside of the direct influence of the health sector. These determinants are varied and include environmental factors such as housing conditions, urban design, soil, transport, ecosystems, biodiversity, historic heritage, ambient air and water quality.
Dewatering Dewatering is the removal of water from an area, surface, solid material or soil. This can be achieved through multiple methods, depending on why it is required. In construction, it often requires pumping water off-site.
Dive structure A dive structure is a type of trough structure that is used to connect vehicle traffic between the surface and a tunnel portal.
Ecology Ecology includes both flora (plants /vegetation) and fauna (animals) and how they interact with their surrounding environment.
EHTM Attachment 1A - Environment and Heritage Impact Assessment Guideline Attachment 1A outlines the process for identifying and assessing environment and heritage impacts, mitigation measures and opportunities.
EHTM Attachment 2A - Aboriginal Sites, Objects and Ancestral Remains Discovery Procedure Attachment 2A provides guidance on Aboriginal heritage discovery procedures to be implemented and followed during project works.
EHTM Attachment 2B - Native Title Assessment Procedure Attachment 2B outlines the procedure to determine the presence, or otherwise, of Native Title within a Project Area.
EHTM Attachment 3A - Air Quality Assessment Guidelines Attachment 3A provides guidance regarding air quality assessments for infrastructure projects.
EHTM Attachment 4A - Vegetation Survey Guideline Attachment 4A guides vegetation surveys requirements undertaken to facilitate construction and maintenance projects/programs.
EHTM Attachment 4B - Vegetation Impact Assessment Guideline Attachment 4B outlines the requirements for vegetation impact assessments, application of mitigation measures to minimise or avoid impact, and obtaining relevant vegetation removal approvals.
EHTM Attachment 5A - Fauna Impact Assessment Guidelines EHTM Attachment 5A details the processes to be followed when assessing and mitigating potential impacts to fauna.
EHTM Attachment 6A - Protecting Waterways Guideline Attachment 6A provides guidelines for protecting waterways including the processes to be followed and criteria to be applied when assessing and mitigating potential impacts to the quality of receiving waters and the aquatic environment.
EHTM Attachment 6B - Water Affecting Activities Best Practice Operating Procedure Attachment 6B outlines the best practice operation procedure for water affecting activities in line with the Landscape South Australia Act 2019.
EHTM Attachment 7A - Road Traffic Noise Guidelines Attachment 7A provides guidance in addressing road traffic noise and vibration as a key part of infrastructure project development.
EHTM Attachment 7C - Noise Treatment Implementation Guideline Attachment 7C provides guidelines for a consistent approach to the installation of the noise treatments where identified to be required.
EHTM Attachment 7D - Guideline for the Management of Noise and Vibration: Construction and Maintenance Activities Attachment 7D provides guidelines for the management and mitigation of noise and vibration of construction and maintenance to minimise nuisance to the community and the environment.
EHTM Attachment 8A - Non-Aboriginal Heritage Assessment Guideline Attachment 8A provides guidance by the Department to contractors for the assessment of impacts to and management of non-Aboriginal heritage prior to and during construction.
EHTM Attachment 9A - Guideline for the Beneficial Reuse of Solid Waste Attachment 9A provides guidelines for the beneficial reuse of solid waste such as soil and asphalt planings, which includes appropriate use/reuse and suitable management in accordance with relevant guidelines to mitigate adverse effects to human health and the environment.
EHTM Attachment 9B - Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Acid Sulfate Soils Attachment 9B provides guideline for the assessment and management of acid sulfate soils.
EHTM Attachment 10A - Guideline for the Preparation of a Contractor's Environmental Management Plan Attachment 10A provides a guideline for the preparation of a Contractor's Environment Management Plan (CEMP) to appropriately manage environment and heritage risk and impact.
EHTM Attachment 10B - Guideline for Environmental Audits in Construction Attachment 10B - provides the Department and its Contractors a consistent basis to monitor compliance against legislative and Departmental requirements.
Electrical Conductivity (EC) The ability of a solution to conduct an electrical current, which is typically used as a measurement of salinity.
Electronic Direct Mail (EDMS) A form of digital marketing used to share information to a list of stakeholders through email.
Embodied emissions All greenhouse gas emissions that are released as part of making a product or service ready for consumption or use.
Employment Zone A zone that seeks a diverse range of low-impact light industrial, commercial and business activities that complement the role of other zones accommodating significant industrial, shopping and business activities.
Environment and Heritage Impact Assessment (EHIA) Ensures potential environment and heritage impacts, mitigation and opportunities associated with the project are identified. Enabling negative impacts be avoided, or appropriate mitigation or management measures incorporated into relevant phases of the project.
Environment and Heritage Technical Manual (EHTM) A compilation of the Department's key guidelines and standards, relating to the assessment and management of environmental and heritage components of a project.
Established Neighbourhood Zone A zone that encourages the development of a neighbourhood that includes a range of housing types, with new buildings sympathetic to the predominant built form character and development patterns.
Extinguished Extinguishment or partial extinguishment of native title means that native title holders are no longer able to fully exercise their traditional rights in an area.
Facade Treatment Scope of Works A document that outlines the scope of noise mitigation treatments required with consideration given to the existing property features.
Fault zones The zone existing in and adjacent to a geological fault.
Fauna Animals (mammals, reptiles, fish, amphibians and birds) of a particular region, habitat or geological period.
Field surveys Surveys that are undertaken on or at a site or location.
Floodplain catchments The area of land next to a river or creek.
Flora The plants and trees of the region, habitat or geological period.
Fly ash Is produced from the combustion of coal.
General Environmental Duty A duty of care to protect the environment which is defined under Section 25 of the Environment Protection Act 1993, “a person must not undertake an activity that pollutes, or might pollute, the environment unless the person takes all reasonable and practical measures to prevent or minimise any resulting environmental harm."
General Neighbourhood Zone A zone that encourages low-rise, low and medium-density housing that supports a range of needs and lifestyles located within easy reach of services and facilities. Employment and community service contribute to making the neighbourhood a convenient place to live without compromising residential amenity.
Go Zone Stops and stations of the Adelaide Metro network that provide a bus, tram or train every 15 minutes in peak times or every 30 minutes in designated off peak times.
Gravel A loose aggregation of rock fragments.
Green infrastructure Any vegetative infrastructure system which enhances the natural environment through direct or indirect means. It describes the network of green spaces and water systems that deliver multiple environmental, economical and social values and benefits for sustainable urban development.
Green Infrastructure assessment Assess the potential to incorporate Green Infrastructure into an asset.
Greenhouse gas emissions Gases that have the property of absorbing infrared radiation (net heat energy) emitted from Earth's surface and re-radiating it back to Earth's surface, contributing to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour are the main greenhouse gases.
Ground disturbance A consequence of construction activities which involve displacing surface and sub-surface materials/fill.
Ground-borne noise Also known as regenerated noise, it is audible noise which is produced by the vibration of the elements of a building or structure. The vibration travels from the source into the structure through the ground, which can be caused by underground construction activity (e.g. tunnelling).
Groundwater Prohibition Area (GPA) Limit landholders from accessing contaminated groundwater and can be declared by the SA Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) if contaminated groundwater poses a risk to human health.
Heritage Management Plan Seeks to identify and describe the heritage values and their attributes of heritage places. Guiding future decision-making for conservation, interpretation, and visitation, and provide management policies and strategies to ensure the condition, integrity and physical components of the values are maintained.
Heritage Places Act 1993 An Act to make provision for the identification, recording and conservation of places and objects of non-Aboriginal heritage significance; to establish the South Australian Heritage Council; and for other purposes.
High value flora Flora that provides habitat (such as hollows and foraging resources for native fauna species) and flora that includes native vegetation and / or is of high amenity value to the public.
Historic and Character Area Overlays Identify areas displaying historic themes and characteristics important to the local area. Overlays seek to conserve the historic attributes and encourage development in a manner consistent and complementary to the identified character attributes of each area.
Historic area An area containing historic themes and characteristics that are important to the local area. Often unique and displayed in the streetscape character specific to the location.
Housing Diversity Neighbourhood Zone A zone that encourages medium density housing, supporting a range of needs and lifestyles, located within easy reach of a diversity of services and facilities. Employment and community service uses contribute to making the neighbourhood a convenient place to live without compromising residential amenity.
Hydrological system The properties of water and its distribution and movement across the ground and the atmosphere.
Impermeable Not allowing liquid or gas (e.g. water) to pass through.
Indigenous Land Use Agreement (ILUA) A voluntary agreement between Native Title parties and other people or bodies about the use and management of areas of land and/or waters.
Intermodal Involving two or more modes of transport.
Kerbside and median amenity flora Amenity vegetation planted within and immediately adjacent to the road corridor on land managed by either the Department or Council.
Land remediation The process of improving a contaminated site to avoid or reduce impacts to human health and/or ecosystem health.
Laydown area Land needed for construction and to store materials and equipment.
Limestone Sedimentary rock composed largely of calcium carbonate (fizzes with dilute acid), usually formed from remains of living organisms.
Local heritage listed place A place that has heritage values that are important to the local area, which must satisfy one or more of the values set out in Section 67(1) of the PDI Act 2016.
Low emissions vehicles A motor vehicle that emits relatively low levels of motor vehicle emissions e.g. hybrid electric, electric, hydrogen or biodiesel vehicles.
Lowered motorway A type of open motorway that is constructed below ground level, such as a trough structure.
Major Cycling Route Arterial roads where bicycle transportation is emphasised, having direct, continuous links to key destinations and access to key cycle trip generators (such as local shops, community centres and places of education).
Map Disclaimer The PAR was based on the Project Design at December 2022. Refinements to the design since that time are not included on this map. For the current T2D project design, visit Project maps.
Matters of National Environmental Significance Species, habitats and ecological associations protected by the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.
Median refuge A median island, or a section of median, on wide or heavily trafficked roads, provided as a staging area for pedestrians crossing the road.
Meteorology The science of analysing the earth's atmosphere, climate and weather conditions.
Migratory species Animals that migrate to Australia or pass through or over Australian waters during their annual migrations. Under the EPBC Act, the habitat of species that migrate internationally must be protected and conserved.
MS M7 - Environmental Management M7 specifies the requirements for the Contractor’s Environmental Management System.
MS PC-CS1 - Community Engagement and Media Management PC-CS1 specifies the minimum requirements for consultation and communication with the community and stakeholders in accordance with the Contract.
MS PC-CS2 - Small Business Support PC-CS2 specifies obligations to support local businesses in accordance with the contract.
MS PC-EDM2 - Safety Management in Design PC-EDM2 specifies the requirements for the incorporation of safety management into the design, construction, operation and maintenance of the works.
MS PC-ENV1 - Environmental Management PC-ENV1 specifies environmental management system requirements including legislation, monitoring, management and reporting.
MS PC-ENV2 - Environmental Protection Requirements PC-ENV2 specifies the minimum environmental protection requirements such as flora and fauna, heritage, contamination and waste.
MS PC-ENV3 - Environmental Design PC-ENV3 sets out the minimum environmental requirements for the design of the project.
MS PC-ENV4 - Noise Assessment Treatment Design and Implementation PC-ENV4 sets out the noise assessment requirements, treatment and implementation requirements for construction and operation of the project. 
MS PC-H1 - Aboriginal Heritage and Native Title PC-H1 sets out the minimum Aboriginal Heritage and Native Title requirements for a project including authorisations, monitoring, management and reporting requirements.
MS PC-H2 - Non-Aboriginal Heritage PC-H2 sets out the minimum non-Aboriginal Heritage requirements including assessment and management to complete the works.
MS PC-PL1 - Framework for Planning Studies PC-PL1 provides the framework for the delivery of Planning Studies undertaken during project planning and design.
MS PC-PL2 - Planning investigations PC-PL2 defines the planning investigations undertaken such as engineering, sustainability, heritage, environmental, land use, community and social investigations, in support of a Planning Study PC-PL1.
MS PC-PL3 - Concept Design Development PC-PL3 specifies the requirements for developing Concept Designs in line with the Austroads Guide to Road Design which has been adopted across all Australasia road agencies.
MS PC-SC1 - Site Contamination PC-SC1 specifies the requirements for site contamination assessment and reporting.
MS PC-SI1 - Site Surveys PC-SI1 specifies the requirements for the management of the survey control network and the general survey duties necessary for the delivery of works.
MS PC-SI2 - Site Investigations PC-SI2 sets out the requirements for site investigations (geotechnical, hydrology, environment and heritage) and reporting.
MS PC-SI3 - Condition Surveys PC-SI3 defines the requirements for site condition and property surveys, including heritage, before and after construction.
MS PC-SM1 - Traffic and Pedestrian Management PC-SM1 outlines the requirements for workzone traffic management including establishing safe conditions for site workers and road users whilst minimising disruption.
MS PC-ST1 - Sustainability in design PC-ST1 specifies the requirements for understanding impacts and investigating and implementing initiatives to improve sustainability through design.
MS PC-ST2 - Sustainability in Construction PC-ST2 specifies the requirements for understanding impacts and investigating and implementing initiatives to improve sustainability through construction.
MS PR-AC-D1 - Aboriginal Cultural Expression in Infrastructure Design PR-AC-D1 defines the requirements for Aboriginal cultural expression in the design of transport infrastructure and associated public realm assets.
MS PR-LS-D1 - Landscape and Urban Design PR-LS-D1 outlines the requirements for urban and landscape design, including criteria to encourage design excellence for infrastructure in the built environment and public realm.
MS PR-PF-D1 - Designing for Accessibility PR-PF-D1 specifies the minimum requirements for the design and construction of infrastructure, to ensure that it complies relevant accessibility legislation including the Disability Discrimination Act 1992.
MS RD-DK-C1 - Installation of Stormwater Drainage RD-DK-C1 specifies the requirements for the installation of stormwater drainage infrastructure, including concrete pipes, culverts, drainage structures.
MS RD-DK-D1 - Road Drainage Design RD-DK-D1 defines the requirements for undertaking the design of stormwater systems associated with the Department's infrastructure.
MS-RD-EW-C1 - Earthworks MS-RD-EW-C1 specifies the requirements for the construction of earthworks including proof rolling, fill, excavation, drain and swale works.
Mudstone Very fine-grained, sedimentary rock composed mainly of mud particles that have been cemented together.
National Heritage Refers to Australia's list of natural, historic and indigenous places with outstanding significance to the nation.
Native title Australian law that provides the traditional ownership of land and waters that have always belonged to Aboriginal people according to their traditions, laws and customs.
Natural surveillance A principle of crime prevention through environmental design that seeks to create spaces that encourage human activity and provide clear lines of sight.
Night works management plan (NWMP) A plan that adequately covers all construction activities that take place during the night and mitigation throughout the course of the works.
Noise sensitive receivers Places where noise affects occupants wellbeing and comfort, and interrupts the core function or activity undertaken at a premises.
Non-Aboriginal heritage Includes places and objects of high cultural value that contribute to a sense of history and identity for the community. It includes places and objects that are of aesthetic, archaeological, architectural, cultural, scientific or social significance. While not typical, it can also include places or objects that have Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander heritage values.
Northern Tunnels The section of the T2D corridor that is between James Congdon Drive and the existing motorway south of Grange Road and includes approximately 2.2km of twin three-lane tunnels.
North-South Corridor The 78km of non-stop motorway between Gawler and Old Noarlunga.
Offset Is a mechanism that compensates for the loss of biodiversity through use of sites containing native vegetation similar to the impacted area as reasonably practicable.
Open motorway The section that links the Southern and Northern Tunnels. The open motorway will comprise of at level and lowered roads.
Overlays Sets out additional planning policies that may apply in particular areas across the State under the Planning and Design Code.
Particulate matter (PM) Extremely tiny solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in air, which can be made up of a variety of components including nitrates, sulfates, organic chemicals, metals, soil or dust particles, and allergens (such as fragments of pollen or mould spores). Particle pollution mainly comes from motor vehicles, wood burning heaters and industry.
Performance-based assessment A complex development application which will be assessed on their merit against the Planning and Design Code policies.
Permeable The ability for liquid to flow through the pores in rock or soil.
Phosphorus A chemical element that is essential to all living things.
PM10 Particles with a diameter of 10 micrometres or less - these particles are small enough to pass through the throat and nose and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects.
PM2.5 Particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less). These particles are so small they can get deep into the lungs and into the bloodstream. There is sufficient evidence that exposure to PM2.5 over long periods (years) can cause adverse health effects. Note that PM10 includes PM2.5.
Pollutant dispersion The process of how pollutants diffuse into the air over time.
Poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals that have been extensively used in consumer and industrial products since the 1950s. The risk status is currently uncertain and evolving.
Portal The opening of a tunnel, including the structure surrounding the immediate entrance or exit
Potable water High quality water which is suitable for drinking.
Potentially contaminating activity (PCA) Activities undertaken in the course of operating a business that may result in contamination of a site (e.g. landfill, service stations, railway operations and agricultural activities).
Project Assessment Report (PAR) This document which outlines the robust environmental, social and engineering investigations undertaken to identify potential project impacts, and strategies to mitigate impacts based on the 2022 Project Design.
Project corridor The T2D Project alignment and supporting infrastructure areas which form part of the Project land.
Project Design The high level design that establishes the preferred concept design of the road alignment, tunnel layouts and motorway access points. It models motorway performance and identifies locations for laydown areas and considers the construction impacts, possible issues, constraints and benefits of the design.
Project Land The area that is required to facilitate the delivery of the project, which includes areas directly disturbed or needed for the project construction and operational activities, including land acquired for the project.
Property acquisition When land needs to be acquired by the government for a project.
Protected Matters Search Tool The Commonwealth Government's interactive online website application that helps to identify potential protected matters at or near a proposed project.
Quaternary Geological unit of time beginning 2.6 million years ago and continuing to the present day.
Reclaimed asphalt pavement Reused or recycled pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates and which must not contain a detectable quantity of coal tar or asbestos.
Recreation Zone This zone seeks to encourage development for a number of applications; such as community sporting facilities, golf courses, and outdoor open space.
Register of Aboriginal Sites and Objects The Taa Wiki database of contains information of Aboriginal heritage in the state and is managed by the Department of the Premier and Cabinet – Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation.
Regulated trees Medium to large trees with a trunk circumference of between 2 and 3 metres when measured 1 metre above ground level.
Remnant native flora Remaining undisturbed native vegetation.
Representative Buildings Display characteristics of importance in a particular area, formerly known as contributory heritage items.
Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) A greenhouse gas concentration (not emissions) trajectory adopted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which are used to help characterise uncertainty in climate models so data can be generated about possible future climates.
Representative viewpoints Are locations which feature the greatest visual change due to project elements. These will not always coincide with landmarks and may be due to removal of built form, other elements may include noise walls and elevated structures.
Riparian vegetation Vegetation that grows along the banks of a waterway extending to the edge of the floodplain.
Roadside Significant Sites (RSS) Sites of high environmental or cultural significance along rail corridors and public road reserves, as defined by the Department, and documented on their RSS database.
Sand A granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles and is defined by its grain size.
Sand lenses A sedimentary bedding pattern displaying alternating layers of clay/rock and sand.
Sandstone Medium-grained, sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand grains that have been cemented together.
Scope 1 Direct GHG emissions, produced from sources that are owned or controlled by the company (e.g. combustion of fuel by construction plant and equipment).
Scope 2 Electricity-related indirect GHG emissions created from offsite generation of electricity which is purchased and consumed by the reporting company. These emissions are physically produced offsite, at the electricity generation facility.
Sensitive receptors Places, ecosystems or people who may be sensitive to impacts, such as noise and vibration or air quality emissions. Sensitive receptors differ depending on the impact type, source and surrounding environment.
Severance Both the physical and psychological barriers to the movement of people that can result from major traffic routes.
Shocks Large-scale high-impact events and catastrophes, including natural disasters, cyber-attack, digital network failure, terrorist attack and collapse of financial systems.
Significant trees Large trees with a trunk circumference of 3 metres or greater when measured 1 metre from the ground.
Siltstone Fine-grained, sedimentary rock composed mainly of silt grains that have been cemented together.
Slag A by-product of smelting ores and used metals.
Social infrastructure Services and facilities of local and regional community significance (e.g. healthcare, schools and public facilities).
Southern Tunnels The section of the T2D corridor that is from Darlington to Anzac Highway, including approximately 4km of twin three-lane tunnels.
Spatial analysis Examining, assessing, evaluating, and modelling spatial data features such as locations, attributes, and their relationships that reveal the geometric or geographic properties of data.
Spoil Any earthen material that is generated during project excavation.
State Heritage Areas A clearly defined region with natural or cultural elements that are significant to the State's development and identity.
State Heritage Place Contributes to South Australia's architectural, social, technological or scientific history.
Stormwater treatment infrastructure (STI) Reduces pollutant loads entering downstream waterways by filtering and absorbing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and trapping/removing litter and sediments from urban runoff.
Strategic employment zone A zone that encourages a range of industrial, logistical, warehousing, storage, research and training land uses together with compatible business activities generating wealth and employment for the state.
Strategic Freight Route A key network that provides optimal travel efficiency, safety and reliability of travel times 24 hours a day, seven days a week, for heavy vehicles.
Strategic innovation zone A zone that encourages a range of health, education, and research activities supported by a mix of compatible housing, accommodation, tourism, hospitality, cultural, entertainment, recreation and retail land uses.
Stresses Steady, long-term issues that have potential to worsen, including social cohesion, housing affordability, access to transport, increased energy costs and ageing population.
Structural root zone (SRZ) The calculated area of a tree root zone that is considered essential to maintain tree stability.
Suburban activity centre zone This type of zone aims to encourage the development of an active commercial precinct, supporting neighbourhood scale shopping, business, entertainment and recreation facilities that can cater for most daily and weekly shopping needs.
Suburban neighbourhood zone A zone that encourages low density housing that is consistent with the existing local context and development pattern. Services and community facilities contribute to making the neighbourhood a convenient place to live without compromising residential amenity and character.
Subzones Subzones set out additional policies or rules relating to the character of a particular part of a zone under the Planning and Design Code.
Supporting infrastructure Infrastructure elements that are required to support the project, such as water treatment plants, ventilation systems, traffic control centres, pump stations, and electrical substations and transformers.
Surrounding LGAs The surrounding local government areas (LGAs) include City of Charles Sturt, City of West Torrens, City of Marion, City of Unley and City of Mitcham.
Sustainable infrastructure Infrastructure that is designed, constructed and operated to optimise environmental and climate resilience, and social and economic outcomes over the entirety of its life cycle.
T2D Project The final 10.5km section of the North-South Corridor. Using a combination of tunnels, a lowered and surface-level motorway, as well as overpasses and underpasses at key intersections.
Tertiary Geological unit of time that spanned from 66 million to 2.6 million years ago.
The Department's Sustainability Manual This manual outlines key tasks, tools and requirements to guide sustainable decision making throughout a project or program's planning, delivery and maintenance inline the Departments sustainability commitment and relevant Government strategies.
Traffic management plan (TMP) A document which details the control and management of traffic and parking associated with a temporary change in traffic such as roadworks. It includes assessment of traffic demand, risk, assess and provisions for vulnerable users and relevant vehicles. It also takes into considerations pedestrian access, and public and active transport.
Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) The calculated area of a tree root zone that should be protected to prevent substantial damage to a tree's health.
Trough structure An uncovered tunnel-type structure that is located below ground level and used to convey vehicular traffic between the surface and a tunnel portal, or between tunnel portals, and typically are bounded by a retaining structure on each side of the carriageway.
Tunnel boring machines (TBM) A large machine that drills through the ground, excavating the tunnel while simultaneously lining the tunnel with concrete segments. Spoil generated during excavation is removed through a series of conveyors to the surface.
Tunnel exclusion area (TEA) An envelope of a 5m ‘no-go zone’ around the proposed tunnel structures as a protection zone.
Tunnel protection overlay A planning policy control that will facilitate the protection of tunnels from inappropriate development activities.
Turbidity A key test of water quality, to measure the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by suspended particles.
Underground land acquisition Acquiring land from 10m below the surface for tunnelling purposes.
Urban Corridor (Boulevard) Zone A zone that encourages the development of buildings that achieve a consistent, tall, uniform facade to frame the primary road corridor and that accommodate a mix of compatible residential and non-residential uses including shops and other business activities at ground and lower floor levels with residential land uses above.
Urban Corridor (Main Street) Zone A zone that encourages the development of a safe, walkable and vibrant shopping, entertainment and commercial main street precinct with an active day and evening economy supported by medium density residential development.
Urban Design Strategy A document that seeks to guide good urban design and landscaping outcomes on the T2D Project, helping to ensure it delivers high quality, well-resolved and integrated design solutions.
Urban planning zones Under the Planning and Design Code, zones represent the spatial boundaries that provide guidance on the types of development and land uses that are appropriate for a property.
Urban renewal Unlocking under-utilised areas for jobs, investment, and housing. It can often involve rezoning land, improving an area’s amenity and identifying transport and infrastructure need.
Vegetation impact mitigation hierarchy The mitigation hierarchy of avoid, minimise, rehabilitate and offset reduces the ecological impact when native vegetation, regulated/significant trees, trees under heritage protection, and amenity vegetation is cleared for infrastructure projects.
Ventilation facilities A system designed to maintain air quality in and around the tunnels, including infrastructure to extract and disperse emissions.
Vibration sensitive receivers Vibration sensitive receivers may include places where occupants' wellbeing and comfort are affected by vibration; buildings (including heritage structures) or contain vibration sensitive equipment (hospitals, manufacturing facilities).
Vulnerable groups Individuals or groups who may be more likely to be adversely affected by the potential project effects. This extends to limitations in their ability to take advantage of a project’s benefits.
Water Quality Risk Assessment (WQRA) A risk assessment conducted when a project poses a significant risk to the water quality of a waterbody/watercourse such as works over water, potential discharges to water or changes in flow regime.
Water sensitive road design (WSRD) An approach to protect receiving waterways by improving the quality of stormwater from roads.
Water sensitive urban design (WSUD) An approach to urban planning and design that integrates the management of the total water cycle into the land use and development process.
Water treatment plant (WTP) A plant or installation that cleans wastewater for reuse or discharge into the environment.
Wayfinding Wayfinding is a system of elements including signage, colour and design to help people navigate, explore and enjoy spaces and places in a built environment
World heritage Defined by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), as places on earth that meet the criteria to be of outstanding universal value to humanity.
Zones Under the Planning and Design Code, zones represent the spatial boundaries that provide guidance on the types of development and land uses that are appropriate for a property.